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HomePosts Tagged "ICAR" (Page 7)
AgroPolicy, Animal Health, Dairy, Goat farming, Poultry, Schemes - Govt

The key objective of the unit is to develop a national One Health roadmap based on the learnings of the pilot project implementation

The Department of Animal Husbandry & Dairying (DAHD), Government of India has launched a pilot project in the state of Uttarakhand to implement the One Health Framework by One Health Support Unit. The key objective of the unit is to develop a national One Health roadmap based on the learnings of the pilot project implementation.

The inter-ministerial One Health committee under the chairmanship of the Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India has been established to lead the implementation of the One Health Support Unit. A Project Steering Committee (PSC) is constituted under the chairmanship of Secretary (AHD), GoI involving representatives from the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, ICAR, civil societies, international development organisations and field practitioners.

Based on the recommendations of PSC, state and district level one health committees need to be constituted by involving competent authorities from health, animal husbandry and environment ministries. Some of the key activities to be undertaken as part of the pilot project include institutionalising the mechanism for the data collection on disease outbreaks, prevalence, management, and development of targeted surveillance plan, integrating the network of laboratories, developing and implementing communication strategy across sectors and integration of the data with the digital architecture of the National Digital Livestock Mission.

The pilot project in Uttarakhand was launched by Atul Chaturvedi, Secretary, Department of Animal Husbandry & Dairying, Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Government of India in the presence of Dr Praveen Malik, Animal Husbandry Commissioner, Government of India, Alkesh Wadhwani, Director, Poverty Alleviation Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation India, Dr R Meenakshi Sundaram, Secretary, Department of Animal Husbandry, Government of Uttarakhand, Shri Pankaj Kumar Pandey, Secretary, Department of Medical, Health and Family Welfare Government of Uttarakhand, Ranjan Kumar Mishra, Additional Principal Chief Conservator of Forests, Wildlife Uttarakhand Forest Department, Government of Uttarakhand and Dr Prem Kumar, Director, Department of Animal Husbandry Government of Uttarakhand among other key stakeholders.

The key objective of the unit is

Agro Universities, Agrotech

Ablation is the removal of male and female inflorescences and fruit bunches produced during the juvenile period of oil palm

The oil palm ablatool developed by ICAR-Indian Institute of Oil Palm Research, Pedavegi, Andhra Pradesh has been granted the Patent (No. – 393982).

Ablation is the removal of male and female inflorescences and fruit bunches produced during the juvenile period of oil palm (1 to 3 Years). It improves the vegetative growth of the palm by retaining the nutrients which are supposed to be used by the developing inflorescences or fruit bunches. It also improves the drought-resistance capacity of young palms by improving the shoot and root growth, especially, in the low production areas where dry conditions exist.

The ablation tool developed by the institute consists of a long handle of GI Pipe of 5 Ft length. On one end of the pipe, a ‘U’ shaped holder is welded. A sharp-pointed nail is welded at the Centre of the ‘U’ holder.

The operator has to locate the unopened inflorescence to be removed and pushes the ‘U’ holder into the inflorescence. In this process, the sharp needle pierces into the inflorescence and with a small push, the inflorescence gets broken and is hooked like a fish.

The tool can be operated without drudgery at an angle of 680 to the ground level from a distance of 1.3 metre. The average time taken to ablate one inflorescence would be two seconds. On average, in one hour, a person can ablate 125 inflorescences, without removing the green leaves.

Ablation is the removal of male and

Agro Universities, AgroPolicy, Animal Health, Dairy, Goat farming, Live Stock

Union agri minister inaugurates the exhibition

Narendra Singh Tomar, Union Minister of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare inaugurated the ‘Technology Exhibition’ in the historic Mallinath Krishi and Pashu Mela held at the Tilwara Village of Barmer District, Rajasthan. Present were Gajendra Singh Shekhawat, Union Minister of Jal Shakti; Dr Sanjeev Kumar Balyan, Union Minister of State for Fisheries, Animal Husbandry & Dairying and Kailash Choudhary, Union Minister of State for Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare. The exhibition was organised by the ICAR Institutes.

Delivering the inaugural address, Tomar highlighted the Central Government’s plans for putting a greater emphasis on agricultural research and enhancing the farmers’ income. The benefits of the Farmer’s Insurance Scheme were also underlined by the Union Minister.

Shekhawat outlined the interlinking of the rivers for the farmers’ benefit.

Dr Balyan expressed his concerns over the declining camel population. The role of goats and sheep in the drought years of Rajasthan was also highlighted by the minister.

Shri Choudhary applauded the efforts of the research institutes and farmers of the region that have brought revolutions in agriculture and horticulture in the driest parts of the region. The increased cultivation of pomegranate, date palm and fig which are now being marketed in the international markets was accentuated by the minister.

Union agri minister inaugurates the exhibitionNarendra Singh

Horticulture, Interaction

ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research has organised a three-day National Seminar on “Fruit Production in Eastern Tropical Region” 

The ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka has organised a three-day National Seminar on “Fruit Production in Eastern Tropical Region” at its Central Horticultural Experiment Station, Bhubaneswar, Odisha from March 24 to 26, 2022. 

The Seminar was aimed at devising a roadmap for the development of the fruit industry in the Eastern Tropical Region through deliberations and recommendations.

Dr Anand Kumar Singh, Deputy Director General (Horticultural Science), ICAR emphasised on the judicious use of the resources to promote sustainability in the fruit production and enhancing the farmers’ income. The scope of Entrepreneurship development in the horticulture sector as it is the most vibrant sector in agriculture was underlined by Dr Singh.

Professor DP Ray, Chancellor, S‘O’A, Bhubaneswar, Odisha highlighted the importance of crop diversification owing to the prevalence of the different agro-climatic zones.

Dr PK Agarwal, Vice-Chancellor, Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha outlined the importance of the post-harvest management including the processing and value-chain management in fruit crops for the development of the sector in the region.

Dr V Pandey, ADG (Horticultural Science), ICAR emphasised on the importance of the genetic diversity in fruit crops for the ecological sustainability and nutritional security.

The Scientists and Students from 23 Universities, 18 ICAR Institutes, FSSAI and IIP, Mumbai, Maharashtra participated in the Seminar.

ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research has organised

Environment, Live Stock

Harit Dhara is found very effective in reducing the enteric methane emission upto 17 per cent to 20 per cent when incorporated in the livestock feed

The ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, Karnataka has commercialised the “Harit Dhara” Technology to the M/s Saideep Exports Private Limited on a non-exclusive basis through the AgrInnovate India on March 24, 2022.

Dr Raghavendra Bhatta, Director, ICAR-NIANP, Bengaluru and MR Aravind, CEO, M/s Saideep Exports signed the Memorandum of Agreement (MoA) on the behalf of their respective organisations for the licensing to manufacture and sell the formulation.

Aravind stated that with the technology’s commercialisation, they can brand their feed as a “Green Feed”. He also said that the technology is truly indigenous in tune with the Aatma Nirbhar Bharat in combating the climate change.

The Harit Dhara developed by the Institute through the comprehensive research over a decade is an anti-methanogenic feed supplement prepared from the natural phyto-sources. It is found very effective in reducing the enteric methane emission upto 17 per cent to 20 per cent when incorporated in the livestock feed.

The partial inhibition of the enteric methanogenesis will have the dual advantage of stabilising the global warming process and enhancing the productivity by re-channelising the saved biological energy. The Institute has already filed a Patent for Harit Dhara.

Harit Dhara is found very effective in

AgroPolicy, Agrotech, Dairy, Horticulture, R&D

Ministers discussed ways to improve the agri sector and the role being played by ICAR

The 93rd Annual General Meeting of the ICAR Society was recently organised at the National Agricultural Science Centre Complex, New Delhi.

Delivering his presidential address, Union Agriculture Minister Narendra Singh Tomar underlined the establishment of the ICAR in 1929. The pivotal role played by the Council through its research and technology development in creating the food and nutritional security in the country with the untiring cooperation of farmers and scientists over the years was also highlighted by the minister. Tomar underlined the record production of the food grains and horticultural products in the country that has made us self-sufficient to meet not only the domestic demands enabled to supply the same to the different countries as well.

Parshottam Rupala, Union Minister of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry & Dairying urged for recognising the local techniques of the small farmers. The encouragement of the cheese made from Banshi Gir Cow’s Milk for export was also stressed by the Union Minister. Rupala suggested the ICAR get benefitted from the upcoming three events – G20 Conference, International Dairy Programme and Jamnagar getting International recognition in Ayurveda.

Kailash Choudhary, Union Minister of State for Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare urged for working in pace with the visions of the Prime Minister. He said that there is a scope for working in the field of horticulture. Mentioning a number of plants that are being imported, the minister urged for developing their varieties in the country itself.

Ramesh Chand, Member, NITI Aayog stated that in the current Financial Year, India’s Agricultural exports have crossed $50 billion. He said that there has been an increase of about 22 per cent in a single Year.

Dr Trilochan Mohapatra, Secretary (DARE) & Director General (ICAR) underlined the development of 389 new varieties by the ICAR during the last Year. The DG mentioned the focus on crops and pulses varieties. Dr Mohapatra stated that the new research in food crops and horticultural arenas have benefited the country to a large extent.

Raghavji Patel, Cabinet Minister, Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Cow Breeding, Government of Gujarat; Virender Kanwar, Minister of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry & Fisheries, Government of Himachal Pradesh; Tage Taki, Minister Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Horticulture & Fisheries, Government of Arunachal Pradesh were among the Guests of Honor during the occasion.

The Members of ICAR Society; Members of ICAR Governing Body along with Sanjay Garg, Additional Secretary (DARE) & Secretary (ICAR); Sanjiv Kumar, Financial Advisor (DARE) and Senior Officials & Scientists of ICAR were also present during the occasion.

The ministers released the various ICAR Publications and Products during the occasion.

Ministers discussed ways to improve the agri

Agrotech

The ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal has recently organised national webinar on “Agritech innovations to leap forward sustainable management of soil and environment”

The ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh has recently organised national webinar on “Agritech innovations to leap forward sustainable management of soil and environment”.

Delivering the inaugural address, the Chief Guest, Dr Suresh Kumar Chaudhari, Deputy Director General (Natural Resource Management), ICAR highlighted the importance of the scientific management of soil and water using the agri-innovations like Sensors, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Artificial Intelligence and Cloud-based Solutions. The nature-based solutions for reducing the reliance on the high input agriculture were also stressed by the DDG.

Dr Ashok K Patra, Director, ICAR-IISS, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh underlined about the ICT based Agritech innovations in doubling the farmers’ income.

Dr Praveen Pankajakshan, VP Data Science & AI, Cropin (India) delivered the Keynote Address on “Crop Mapping using AI & Remote-Sensing for Eco-Agriculture and Sustainability (CARES)”. The ways in which the Cropin is dealing with the issues like crop diversity, soil restoration, climate smart agriculture, carbon storage using prediction models and identification of crop pests & diseases were stated by Dr Praveen.

Dr Sara Malvar, Senior Research Software Development Engineer, Microsoft, Brazil and Tusher Chakraborty, Software Engineer – II, Microsoft, India also delivered the keynote address on “FarmBeats and Terra Vibes: Empowering farmers with affordable digital agriculture and earth observation solutions”.

The ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal

AgroPolicy, Pulses

Global germplasm will be used in the Indian breeding programmes

The Union Minister of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare Narendra Singh Tomar in Lok Sabha on March 15, 2022, has announced that the International Centre for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA) has enabled access to global germplasm for use in the Indian breeding programmes. Ten high yielding varieties of Lentil, Chickpea and Barley have been released by ICARDA along with ICAR for commercial cultivation in India during the last three years. Of these, six were released in 2019, three in 2020 and one in 2021.

The ICARDA is engaged in the research and development of improved varieties of food crops (Wheat and Barley) and nutritionally rich pulses. Besides, ICARDA also works on different natural management systems like cropping systems, water productivity modelling, conservation agriculture technology, fodder cactus, etc. in association with the ICAR institutions, the State/Central Agricultural Universities and the Central and State Departments.

Global germplasm will be used in the

AgroPolicy, Live Stock

This herbal based formulation kills all stages of ticks in cattle and goat and safe to be used all stages of livestock

ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, and Natural Agro Products Private Limited, Port Blair has signed a Memorandum of Understanding for licensing of Dweep tickure- a herbal based formulation for control of ticks in livestock, on March 11, 2022.

Dr E B Chakurkar, Director, ICAR-CIARI and Vijay Vishwasrao Patil, C/o Natural Agro Products Private Limited, Port Blair, South Andaman inked the MoU for their respective Institutes.

A team comprising Dr Jai Sunder, Dr T Sujatha, Dr D Bhattacharya, Dr E B Chakurkar and Dr A K De have developed oil based herbal topical formulation as acaricides for control of tick infestation in livestock. This herbal based formulation kills all stages of ticks in cattle and goat and safe to be used all stages of livestock including pregnant and lactating animals.

This herbal based formulation kills all stages

Agrotech

The facility will have demonstration units for mushroom production, food processing & value-addition and poultry production

Dr Trilochan Mohapatra, Secretary (DARE) & Director General (ICAR) inaugurated the Technology Demonstration Facility at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Khordha, Odisha on March 10, 2022. Ajaya Kumar Dash, Head, KVK, Khordha briefed about the new facility. The facility will have demonstration units for mushroom production, food processing & value-addition and poultry production. It will also be used for imparting the skill training to the farmers and farm women.

The DG was accompanied by Dr Joykrushna Jena, Deputy Director General (Fisheries Science); Dr BP Mohanty, ADG (Inland Fisheries), ICAR along with Dr SK Swain, Director, ICAR-CIFA, Bhubaneswar and other Senior Officials of ICAR-CIFA and KVK, Khordha.

While interacting with the farmers and farm women in the Exhibition organised at the KVK, Khordha, Dr Mohapatra urged the KVK for facilitating the Self-Help Groups to improve their marketing skills and organise them to form as collectives like Farmers’ Producers’ Organisations to scale-up their operations. Underlining the Government of India’s target of creating 10,000 FPOs by 2025, the Director General emphasised that the KVKs would play a key role in mobilising the farmers and providing technical support.

During his interaction with the Scientists and Staff Members of ICAR-CIFA, he urged for focusing on the outreach & effective communication of the scientific research to the stakeholders and reorienting the research priorities for bringing out innovations that can enhance the farmers’ income.

The facility will have demonstration units for

Interaction

Progressive farmers, women entrepreneurs, start-ups and FPOs participated in the fair

Union Minister of State Kailash Choudhary has inaugurated Pusa Krishi Vigyan Mela 2022 in New Delhi on March 9, 2022. The three-day Krishi Mela is being organised by the ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) under the guidance of the Union Minister of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Narendra Singh Tomar.

Dr Trilochan Mohapatra, Secretary, DARE and Director General, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) presided over the function. On this occasion, Choudhary dedicated “Pusa Agri Krishi Haat Complex” developed in two acres. Farmers and Farmer Producer Organisations will be able to do direct marketing of their products in the ‘Pusa Agri Krishi Haat Complex’.

With this facility, consumers will be able to buy the products of farmers directly, which will free them from middlemen. There is a provision of 60 stalls, haats and shops in this huge complex to promote farmer entrepreneurship. Thousands of progressive farmers, women entrepreneurs and start-ups from different parts of the country have participated in the fair.

Choudhary said that the government has not only implemented MSP by increasing the rate on more crops but has also increased the procurement. Ten thousand new FPOs are being built in the country at an expense of Rs 6,865 crore. Facilities are being mobilised in villages from the Agriculture Infra Fund of worth one lakh crore rupees. Special packages have also been given for the sectors allied to agriculture. He called upon the farmers to move forward and take the advantage of the schemes in collaboration with the government.

The major attractions of the fair are: Smart/Digital Agriculture, Agri Start-ups and Farmer Producer Organisation (FPO), Organic and Natural Farming, Protected Farming/Hydroponic/Aeroponic/Vertical Farming, Advisory for promotion of Export of Agricultural Products. The fair will showcase new varieties developed by the institute, while other innovative technologies of IARI, such as the solar powered ‘Pusa-Farm Sun Fridge; Pusa Decomposer, Pusa Complete Bio-Fertiliser.

Progressive farmers, women entrepreneurs, start-ups and FPOs

Acquaculture, Agro Universities, Agrotech, Allied Industry, Animal Health, Horticulture, Live Stock

The course organised by the Directorate of Extension Education, PAU, will culminate on March 18

A short course on ‘Communication and Management Skills for Transfer of Agrotechnology’ kicked off at Punjab Agricultural University (PAU) under the aegis of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR). The course, which has been organised by the Directorate of Extension Education, PAU, will culminate on March 18. 

A total of 21 participants, representing 14 states and one Union Territory, are attending the course. Scientists of 13 different disciplines (agronomy, agricultural extension education, aquaculture, biochemistry, home science extension education, horticulture, entomology, food science and technology, mechanical engineering, plant physiology, soil science, statistics and veterinary extension education) from 14 state agricultural universities/colleges and seven Krishi Vigyan Kendras have registered for the course.

 The chief guest Dr Ashok Kumar, Director of Extension Education, PAU and Course Director, said, “There are four main types of communication technology that have contributed to the ease of sending messages: telephone, radio, television and internet. Nowadays, social media platforms, blogs, vlogs, live video streams, conferencing and live lecture technology, group wikis, group forums, tablet computers, etc. are very common in use. All the modern techniques of different modes of communication must be target oriented.”

Dr KK Gill, Principal Agrometeorologist and Course Coordinator welcomed the dignitaries and the participants. She stated, “The new age IT tools have proved to be very helpful during the COVID-19 pandemic for the transfer of information to different stakeholders.”

Dr Simerjeet Kaur, Principal Agronomist and Course Coordinator, proposed a vote of thanks.

During the course, Dr Rajbir Singh, Director, ICAR-ATARI; Dr GS Buttar and Dr GPS Sodhi, Additional Directors of Extension Education; Dr TS Riar, Additional Director Communication, PAU and many other scientists and heads of the departments from other adjoining institutes will enrich the knowledge of the trainees. 

The course organised by the Directorate of

Agrotech, R&D

The key objective of the tripartite MoU signed by the Ministry of Ayush, ICAR and CSIR is to draw cognizance to the traditional agricultural practices of India

Ministry of Ayush has signed a tripartite Memorandum of Understanding with Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), and Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) for Inter-Ministerial co-operation for the promotion and facilitation of research and development, validation, and deployment of agri-technologies related to medicinal plants and their value-added products of benefit to humans, plants and animals. The MoU was signed by Vaidya Rajesh Kotecha, Secretary, Ministry of Ayush, Dr Trilochan Mohapatra, Director General, ICAR and Secretary, Department of Agricultural Research and Education, and Dr Shekhar C Mande, Director General, CSIR and Secretary, DSIR in the presence of senior officials from the three organizations in New Delhi.

The key objective of the tripartite MoU signed by the Ministry of Ayush, ICAR and CSIR is to draw cognizance to the traditional agricultural practices of India, and take up joint R&D pursuits for validating and deploying these interventions for facilitating socio-economic growth in the country.

On this occasion, Vaidya Rajesh Kotecha, Secretary, Ministry of Ayush drew attention to valuable traditional knowledge in the form of Vrikshayurved, Mrigayurved, etc., stating that the cooperation will be instrumental in validating these traditional sciences and practices towards integrative agriculture for the benefit of not only humans, but also plants and animals.

Speaking on the occasion, Dr Trilochan Mohapatra, Director General, ICAR and Secretary, DARE stated that the cooperation being signed by ICAR, Ayush and CSIR is a historical milestone towards reaffirming the mandates of the three organisations to the national goals on food & agriculture. The effort will focus on specific joint activities by the three Parties in the said areas to make a significant impact to the lives of Indians.

The key objective of the tripartite MoU

Agro Universities, Bee keeping

Discussions were held on how to create awareness among beekeepers by designing courses with the support of ICAR schemes

A 21- day Winter School on “Commercial Apiculture for Livelihood Security of Farmers and Unemployed Rural Youth” concluded at Punjab Agricultural University (PAU). The programme was organised by the Department of Entomology, PAU under the aegis of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR). In total, 29 participants from 12 states comprising Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Haryana, Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, New Delhi, Odisha, Punjab, Tamil Nadu and one Union Territory Ladakh participated in the winter school.

In his concluding remarks, the chief guest, Dr Naveen Patle, Additional Commissioner (Horticulture) and Executive Director, National Bee Board, New Delhi, observed that there were some issues and problems in the apiculture sector which called for the attention of the apiculture scientists. 

“Some crops remain untouched and scientists need to work on the schedule of the crops which can be recommended in apiculture,” he said. Besides, Dr Patle made a call for focusing on technology demonstrations, increasing the quality and quality of by-products made from honey, and creating awareness among the beekeepers by designing courses with the support of ICAR schemes.

The guest of honour Dr Seema Jaggi, Additional Director General (Human Resource Development), ICAR, New Delhi, said that apiculture was an area where more entrepreneurs could be developed. The winter school was a two-way process; it provided an opportunity to disseminate knowledge in apiculture (by experts) and learn in return (from participants). Seeing the relevance of beekeeping, the programme was chalked out for the livelihood and security of the farmers, she remarked.

Dr Sandeep Bains, Nodal Officer and Dean, Postgraduate Studies, said that the university made an outstanding contribution in the commercialisation and industrialisation of apiculture, thus, opening the gates for the export of Apis Mellifera in 1996. “PAU has the credit of producing the largest hive manufacturers as well as the honey traders and exporters,” she added.

Dr MIS Gill, Dean, College of Agriculture, said: “PAU is leading in apiculture research. Since the introduction of Italian honey bee Apis Mellifera by a noted entomologist Dr AS Atwal in 1962, PAU has never looked back in apiculture.” Apiculture was an asset that could earn money for the small and marginal farmers/labourers, he observed. Dr Gill voiced his concern over the issue of ‘adulteration’ in honey and stressed maintaining its quality to win the faith of the consumers.

Dr DK Sharma, Head, Department of Entomology, said that the department has made 30 national recommendations in apiculture till date. “PAU was the first in India to start Experiential Learning Programme (ELP) in apiculture,” he revealed. The University has the distinction of having an Integrated Beekeeping Development Centre and a Toxicology Laboratory, fully equipped with state-of-the-art equipment for the analysis of pesticide residues in agricultural produce and commodity samples. The lab is set up as per the Bureau of Indian Standards under the National Accreditation Board for Laboratory and has been declared as the referral lab for pesticide residue analysis at the national level, he told.

Dr PK Chhuneja, Professor of Entomology and Course Director, in his welcome address, said that the winter school was a great learning experience for the apiculture scientists. It touched all the developmental aspects of apiculture through the organisation of 100 specialised lectures and virtual tours of apicultural manufacturers and beekeeping entrepreneurs, he added. Dr Chhuneja disclosed that the participants also toured Nagrota Bagwan (then in Punjab state and presently in Himachal Pradesh), where Apis Mellifera was introduced in India in 1962.

 Dr Jaspal Singh, Principal Entomologist, proposed a vote of thanks.

During the programme, four participating scientists, namely, Dr Sunita Yadav, Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar; Dr Kumaranag KM, ICAR- All India Coordinated Research Project (Honey Bees and Pollinators); Dr Ipsita Odisi Priyadarsini Mishra, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Odisha; and Dr PS Neharkar, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Prabhani, Maharashtra, hailed the informative lectures and the tours, organised by the PAU. They described the winter school training as ‘excellent.’

Discussions were held on how to create