The Blooming Floriculture Business
By Dr Narendra Dadlani, Former Director Technical Affairs, the Asia & Pacific Seed Association (APSA), Bangkok, Thailand
The floriculture market is growing due to a number of causes, including the development of organised retail and e-commerce platforms nationwide, the increase in government programmes and regulations promoting floriculture, and the ongoing improvements in agricultural methods and technology. In 2024–2032, the Indian floriculture industry is expected to increase at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.4 per cent, up from Rs 26,210 crore in 2023, according to IMARC Group.
Indian floriculture is based on traditions, and we have a rich heritage on the use of flowers all through our lives from our birth to death, with indispensable roles in various social and religious ceremonies. Flowers have been recognised as an excellent tool for expressing our most tender and delicate emotions. A single flower is known to be the reason for a million smiles. Floriculture, over a period of time, has been recognised to possess enormous potential for increasing the income of everyone in the production and marketing streams. Floriculture activity is known to generate gainful self- employment, particularly farm women.
The fast-changing preferences of the consumers and increasing disposable income levels have contributed immensely to the growth of the floriculture sector, not only in India but globally. From a lowly subsistence farming of flowers, less than fifty years ago, India today has a floriculture trade value exceeding Rs 25,000 crore. Growing at a fast rate, we may soon treble this figure in another decade or so. India has the second largest production base (after China) of more than 300,000 hectare area under various crops / products. While floriculture products are grown in every nook and corner of the country, the major producing states are Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal. It is becoming extremely difficult to track the growth of the sector, largely in view of the small size of operations, which often go unreported.
The floriculture basket has enhanced significantly. Earlier we used loose flowers (mainly, marigold, jasmine, rose, etc. for making garlands and using them for self and premises decoration. Now we focus more on cut flowers (also known as exotic flowers) like rose, gladiolus, chrysanthemum, tuberose, gerbera, orchids, etc. The range of products among flowers has increased. Among the loose flowers, the range has been enhanced with addition of asters, loose annual chrysanthemums, crossandra (particularly in South India), tuberose, gomphrena, stock, etc. and among the trending cut flowers are carnations, lilium, calla lily, limonium, anthuriums, heliconia, lisianthus, ranunculus, peonies, hydrangea, etc. Even, gypsophila, earlier offered free in bouquets, is fast emerging as a cut flower of value with its increasing range of varieties. Besides the flowers (loose & exotic cut), there is huge trade in ornamental plants for interior and outdoor decoration.
The COVID time inculcated in our minds the increased value of house plants (potted ornamentals) for their increased value in beautification of our houses, besides their role in improving the micro environment and helping us breathe fresh air. Landscaping of our external (outside) environment with flowers and plants, has become a billion dollar industry in the outside world and is fast gaining importance in India too.
The landscape artists (knowledgeable experts with an eye for beauty) are extremely expansive and a very busy lot. It has become an essential activity to decorate our environment, more particularly, public spaces like offices, hotels, etc. with plants and flowers. It’s common to find our outside walls, be it office or even metro rail / highway pillars, decorated with plants to provide a green environment for us. For the outdoor landscaping (beautification), we use many different flowers in beautifully laid beds. Often termed as bedding plants, these are important revenue earners in the western world. Alongside many shrubs and flowering trees, they constitute the main ingredients for outdoor landscaping and provide huge employment opportunities.
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By Dr Narendra Dadlani, Former Director Technical